①普通砂型(xing)(xing)(xing)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)，包(bao)括濕砂型(xing)(xing)(xing)、干砂型(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)化學(xue)硬(ying)化砂型(xing)(xing)(xing)3類。②特種鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)，按造(zao)(zao)(zao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)材料(liao)又(you)可(ke)分為(wei)以天然(ran)礦(kuang)產(chan)砂石為(wei)主(zhu)要(yao)造(zao)(zao)(zao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)材料(liao)的(de)特種鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)（如(ru)熔模鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)、泥型(xing)(xing)(xing)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)、鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)車(che)間殼型(xing)(xing)(xing)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)、負壓鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)、實型(xing)(xing)(xing)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)、陶(tao)瓷型(xing)(xing)(xing)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)等）和(he)(he)(he)以金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬為(wei)主(zhu)要(yao)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)型(xing)(xing)(xing)材料(liao)的(de)特種鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)（如(ru)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬型(xing)(xing)(xing)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)、壓力鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)、連續鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)、低壓鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)、離心(xin)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)等）兩類。鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)工藝通常包(bao)括：①鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)型(xing)(xing)(xing)（使(shi)液態金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬成為(wei)固(gu)態鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件的(de)容器）準備，鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)型(xing)(xing)(xing)按所(suo)用(yong)(yong)材料(liao)可(ke)分為(wei)砂型(xing)(xing)(xing)、金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬型(xing)(xing)(xing)、陶(tao)瓷型(xing)(xing)(xing)、泥型(xing)(xing)(xing)、石墨型(xing)(xing)(xing)等，按使(shi)用(yong)(yong)次數可(ke)分為(wei)一次性型(xing)(xing)(xing)、半(ban)永久型(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)永久型(xing)(xing)(xing)，鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)型(xing)(xing)(xing)準備的(de)優(you)劣是影(ying)響(xiang)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件質量的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)因素；②鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬的(de)熔化與澆注，鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬（鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)合金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)）主(zhu)要(yao)有鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵、鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鋼和(he)(he)(he)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)有色(se)合金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)；③鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件處(chu)理(li)和(he)(he)(he)檢驗，鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件處(chu)理(li)包(bao)括清除型(xing)(xing)(xing)芯(xin)和(he)(he)(he)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件表面異物、切(qie)除澆冒(mao)口、鏟磨毛刺(ci)和(he)(he)(he)披縫等凸出物以及熱處(chu)理(li)、整形、防銹(xiu)處(chu)理(li)和(he)(he)(he)粗加工等。